ESPE Yearbook of Paediatric Endocrinology

Brief summary: In this experimental study, a transdermal polymeric microneedle (MN) patch for glucose-responsive closed-loop insulin and glucagon delivery was developed. In chemically-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) mouse and minipig models, this glucose-responsive dual-hormone MN patch demonstrated tight regulation in blood glucose.The interplay between insulin and glucagon is essential for blood glucose regulation in individuals with or without diabetes....

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Dec 1;105(12):dgaa633. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa633. PMID: 32898218.In this study, low risk pregnant women had an ‘early’ OGTT at 18-20 weeks of gestation and these results were correlated with the standard OGTT at 24-28 weeks. Pregnant women with Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) who had early OGTT still had a higher risk of delivering macrosomic in...

To read the full abstract: Nat Med. 2019 Mar;25(3):439–447.Prenatal screening for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, and sex chromosome aneuploidies can be performed using next-generation sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the maternal circulation. This article describes a new non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) approach for the detection of de novo or paternally inheri...

Brief summary: This paper reviews the associations between cellular iron, ferroptosis and diabetes. It also explores the therapeutic potential of ferroptosis inhibitors in the treatment of diabetic complications.Comment: Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death that is characterized by the decreased capacity of antioxidants and the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS).1 This, in turn, causes oxidative damage to cell membran...

World J Diabetes. 2020;11(10):400–415. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i10.400Based on a review of the proposed mechanisms of the development of T1DM, the authors provide an overview of oral tolerance therapies for T1DM conducted in both animal models and clinical trials. This key paper also outlines its future perspectives.As a mainly T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, T...

JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(3):e214117. https://bit.ly/3zopFZ4This prospective observational cohort study (n=4638) measured vitamin D level in the year before undergoing COVID-19 testing. The risk of a positive COVID-19 test in Black, but not White, individuals was 2.64-fold higher if vitamin D level was 30–40 ng/ml compared to > 40 ng/ml.Vitamin D may improve immune functi...

To read the full abstract: Cell Metabolism 2018; 28: 23–32Pathogenic mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R) are the most common cause of monogenic obesity. However, very limited treatment options exist. Therefore, these authors investigated a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) as a treatment option for these patients. The findings are of major signific...

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Oct 21;106(11):e4520-e4530. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab448. Erratum in: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Nov 15;: PMID: 34160619https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/106/11/e4520/6308284Brief Summary: This cross-sectional study of 355 girls with Central Precocious Puberty (CPP) evaluates t...

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022; dgac271. PMID: 35512387 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35512387/Brief Summary: This study, in a series of independent patient cohorts, developed and validated a clinical score, based on the circulating concentrations of 13 major steroid hormones, to detect and subtype Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH).Steroidogenesis is a complex proc...

To read the full abstract: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019;116:21401–21408.This prospective diagnostic study used desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to classify thyroid nodules by their metabolic signature, and more precisely their lipid profile. DESI-MS is a technique using charged aerosols of microdroplets which are sprayed onto a surface (e.g. tissue) to desorb and ionize molecules which are then analyzed by MS...